Artificial Intelligence is a potential technology that possesses multiple advantages in numerous sectors. The progressive technology and its innovative tools are becoming a proficient part of the crime detection and investigation process and to check unlawful actions. The investigation is a complicated process involving many activities of gathering and dentally examining pieces of evidence and collected information to establish facts and categorize the causes or perpetrators of a crime or an incident. The present-day scenario is very much adaptive to technical advancements as every industry, irrespective of type and size, is welcoming the merits of AI integration. Law Enforcing Agencies are no exception in taking the help of Artificial Intelligence to enhance the workability of their force. It has already become an indispensable part of law enforcement as it can contribute to them in several ways. Investigations can be directed by law enforcement agencies, private investigators, journalists, researchers, or other professionals. Investigations can involve numerous types of data sources, such as documents, records, witnesses, suspects, physical evidence, digital evidence, and open-source intelligence. Also, AI technology is a promising advancement that is anticipated to positively alter and modify the security and assurance of society.
Impacts of AI on the Investigation Process.
Artificial intelligence can easily perform complex and time-consuming responsibilities that normally necessitate human assistance, supervision, and intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, decision-making, and problem-solving. AI has been progressing swiftly in recent years. AI has many applications in several domains, including criminal justice and investigations. AI has significant power in the investigation process in several ways. Some of the possible impacts are:
Integrating AI can help automate and streamline many of the monotonous and tiresome duties and responsibilities involved in investigation processes, such as data collection, data entry, data processing, data analysis, data visualization, and report writing. Artificial Intelligence can use natural language processing to gather the most significant and valuable information from text documents or speech recordings; computer vision to recognize faces, objects, scenes, or activities from images or videos; machine learning to classify, cluster, or predict patterns or anomalies from data; and natural language generation to produce summaries or narratives from data. AI can use facial recognition to help recognize suspects or victims from large databases or crowds; sentiment analysis to help detect emotions or intentions from text or speech; network analysis to help uncover relationships or connections among entities or events; and recommender systems to help suggest relevant or useful information or actions to investigators. These assistances will ensure many advantages in the investigation process as the developing technology can help to improve and augment the competencies and performance of human investigators by delivering them with quicker, more precise, more comprehensive, and more reliable information or evidence. AI can help improve and optimize the quality and efficiency of the investigation process by reducing human errors, biases, costs, and risks. For example, AI can use decision support systems to help guide investigators through the best practices or protocols for investigations; anomaly detection to help alert investigators of potential frauds or threats; explainable AI to help provide transparency and accountability for the decisions or actions made by AI systems; and ethical AI to help ensure that AI systems respect the values and rights of humans and society.
Apart from all the above-mentioned possibilities and great potential AI might cause some disadvantages and risks in the investigation process. Some of the major impending challenges are:
Since Artificial Intelligence is a smart technology, it is capable of attempting crimes and illegal activities by itself. It might generate irreversible chaos in the world as super-intelligent technology can create new types of crimes or incidents that require new types of investigations. For instance, AI can be applied to generate deepfakes, cyberattacks, adversarial attacks, and social engineering to manipulate and exploit the public. Many people, especially senior citizens, and people who are unaware of modern technologies and their risky side might get trapped in such frauds easily. This practice will destroy social security, serenity, and order. AI can raise new ethical, legal, social, and technical issues that require vigilant consideration and regulation. For instance, AI can affect the privacy, security, fairness, accountability, and trust of humans and society. Artificial Intelligence is only a sophisticated technology that acts according to the instructions it was trained by; but it cannot replace human instinct, emotions, empathy, morality, and the ability to understand the context or meaning of a situation and the capacity to understand and share the feelings of others. Even though AI seems to create impeccable images and writing with meticulous detailing, the technology still lacks the human touch of generating fresh and original ideas.
In conclusion, AI can have both advantages and disadvantages in the investigation process. AI can offer many assistances for investigations by automating, augmenting, improving, and optimizing various aspects of investigations. At the same time, AI tends to create problematic situations and new challenges for investigations by generating new types of crimes, raising new ethical, legal, social, and technical issues; and facing some inherent limitations. Therefore, Law Enforcing Agencies need to regulate the dependency on progressive technologies and consider the potentials and pitfalls of AI.
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